This website is owned and created by Nancy Kerson, a private citizen. Information about BLM adoptions is offered as a service, to help mustangs find homes.
Please direct adoption questions to the BLM, not to me. And we sure as heck are not a Mustang car dealership! | This website:
Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
All Rights Reserved.
I am happy to share, but please give me a credit when you "borrow" things off my website! Thanks! Just say, "author, Nancy Kerson www.mustangs4us.com " |
VIDEOS OF INTEREST TO MUSTANG & BURRO ADOPTERS:
Kitty Lauman:
From Wild to Willing: Using the Bamboo Pole to Gentle Mustangs
More from Lauman Training available now!DVD or VHS
(2-DVD or 2-VHS set) almost 3 hours of instruction! $49.95 plus $5 shipping/handling = $54.95 total 
Lesley Neuman:
The First Touch
Gentling Your Mustang
$45.00
Lesley works with 3 wild horses at a BLM adoption, and very clearly explains what is happening, what she is doing, & what she sees in each horse as it progresses. Study this video and you can learn "pressure and release" gentling techniques to gentle your own new mustang! 
Help for Burro adopters!
Crystal Ward
Donkey Training
All the basics of gentling, handling, and training. A MUST for new burro adopters! Good for domestic donkeys, too! Can't do Paypal?
No Problem!
Just Call TOLL FREE
1-877-345-6748
(1-877-FILMS4U)
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Can't do Paypal?
No Problem!
Just Call TOLL FREE
1-877-345-6748
(1-877-FILMS4U)
 
If you don't want to buy online, Call TOLL FREE
1-877-345-6748
(1-877-FILMS4U)
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Adopt A Mustang Wild Horse
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Mustang - Link to History
How to Gentle A Wild Horse
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Our "Wild" Horse Herd
Mustang * Horse Colors
Videos from Video Mike
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The Future?
Mustang & Burro Events Lewis & Clark Mustang History, part 2 | | 
Jeremy Dunn, an Extreme Mustang Makeover finalist, with his beautiful bay mustang, Ojos.
AGOUTI - the BAY Modifier
 
These Bay Mustangs at a BLM adoption show the range of Bay colors - from bright orange to dark brown. All have the black mane, tail, and lower legs that signify Bay.  
L - R: Newborn Foal with white legs, weanling with splotchy legs, yearling with nearly black legs
Bays are born brown or red with black manes and tails but with light colored legs that darken to black as they mature: |
While BAY is the result of a genetic modifier acting upon a BLACK base (Actually "Dominant "E"), BAY itself can be modified to create these color patterns: Buckskin is Bay diluted by the Creme Gene
  Dun is bay with the dun gene. Bay Duns are also called Zebra Duns
Zebra (Bay) Dun Kiger horse owned by Kim Bauer of Oregon Bay Roan is Bay with Roan gene. (red body, black points)
Red (Bay) Roan adopted by Pat Hyatt of California Champagne on Bay
Callie, owned by Cathy Hill Silver on Bay
 Pinto Patterns on Bay
     LIVER CHESTNUT is a red-based color pattern that can closely mimic Bay. Liver Chestnut horses are dark red to almost black in body color, with darker, sometimes black, manes and tails. Their lower legs, however, are not black and thus they can be distinguished from bays by their lower legs. If you see a Bay-like horse whose points are not quite black, or a Bay-like horse with black mane and tail but red legs, that is a Liver Chestnut.
This liver chestnut Morgan would be a bay except his lower legs are not black | Agouti ("A") is the genetic modifier that acts on the dominant form of the Extension locus to create Bay. "E" dominant horses are normally Black. But in the presence of Agouti, black pigment is restricted to the "points:" the lower pegs, mane and tail, leaving the main body and head as red. HOW IT WORKS: Black or Red is determined on the section (Locus) of the DNA strand that is called the Extension Locus. The Extension locus can be either dominant or recessive. It is called "E" (if dominant) or "e" (if recessive) in genetic notation. Recessive "e" horses are red. Dominant "E" is normally black. However, technically a dominant "E" gives the horse the capability of producing both red and black hairs. The one exception is when "E" is modified by the "A" or Agouti gene. The "A" gene (Agouti) restricts black (which would otherwise cover the entire horse) to the "points," leaving the body red. Agouti has no effect on a Red base coat, since Red has no black to restrict. Agouti can be carried by a red horse, however, and transmitted to offspring. Thus, a red and a black horse can produce bay offspring if the red horse carries Agouti. University of California, Davis, began in 2003 to offer a test for Agouti (Bay/Black).
You can download forms for this and other tests from their website-- follow
the links from http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu Wild-Type Bay ("A+")
Some geneticists, including Sponenberg, contend that a third allele is possible at the Agouti locus. It is denoted as "A+" and is called "Wild Type Bay."
The Wild-Type allele A+ expresses itself in that the points (particularly the lower legs) tend to have less black than regular bay color. The black portions of the cannon and lower leg are mixed with (sometimes very diluted appearing light golden) red pigmentation rather than being solid black. Wild Type Bay also refers to an effect that mimics, and may also be partially caused by, the Pangare/Mealy gene, with the muzzle, underside, flanks, and behind the elbow lightened.
Angelo, a "Wild-Type Bay" brown horse.Wild-Type Bay is, not surprisingly, fairly common in wild horses - but is in no way restricted to them. NEWS FLASH!!!
Preliminary testing by a laboratory in France indicates that a form of the AGOUTI gene ("A+" or "Wild Type Bay") may be the agent that creates the Seal Brown pattern, which has up until now been attributed to the Pangare gene working on a Black base. Apparently, all Seal Browns so far have tested by the French lab are positive for Agouti, indicating that they are perhaps a form of very dark, sooty Wild Type Bay. -from "The Horse" Second Addition. Authors J. Warren Evans, Anthony Borton, Harold F. Hintz, L. Dale Van Vleck.
Copyrighted 1990. On page 479-481. However, if you breed 2 Seal Browns you don't necessarily get a Bay, which indicates that more research is needed.
- Thanks to Joycelyn Kasmir
www.DiamondJFarms.com for this information! |
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A Quick Overview of Horse Genetics Horse Color Genetics Charts 2 Equine Base Colors Dominant Horse Color Genes The Dilution Genes Recessive Color Genes Agouti/Bay Grey Pangare White Spotting Patterns Rabicano Roan Sooty Miscellaneous Color Issues Genetic Technicals (in case you are feeling confused....):Dr. Philip Sponenberg (pp. 104-109, HORSE COLOR by D. Philip Sponenberg and Bonnie V Beaver) describes the genetics of Bay as:
" AB-CC-dE - -sty"
which breaks means: * first gene pair AB: A (for Agouti) restricts color to the points, and B is the color Black;
* second pair CC= doubly non-diluted;
* dE= non-dilute with colored points;
* -sty=clear, non-smutty body color.
In other words, Bay is Black with a modifier ("A") that restricts the black to the points.
Dr. Ann Bowling of UC Davis describes the genetics of Bay as:
E, A, CC, dd, gg, ww, toto
which means it is Black (E, for eumelanin, the black pigment), with Agouti (A), doubly undiluted (CC) not dun ("dd"), not white ("ww") not Tobiano (toto);
In other words, Bay is Black with Agouti, which restricts black to the points.
They're describing the same thing, just using different letters. |
A Quick Overview of Horse Genetics | Horse Color Genetics Charts 2 | Equine Base Colors | Dominant Horse Color Genes | The Dilution Genes | Recessive Color Genes Up | Agouti/Bay | Grey | Pangare | White Spotting Patterns | Rabicano | Roan | Sooty | Miscellaneous Color Issues |
